C++Talk.NET C++ language newsgroups   Archives   FAQ   Search   Memberlist   Usergroups   Register   Profile   Log in to check your private messages   Log in  template separation          C++Talk.NET Forum Index -> C++ language (comp.lang.c++) View previous topic :: View next topic   Author Message klaas Guest Posted: Sat Jun 28, 2003 4:32 pm    Post subject: template separation Can I put implementation and header class definition in separate files also for templatized classes? I get a lot of errors and i don't know why. I make file like: gekko.h #ifndef GEKKO_h #define GEKKO_h #include <iostream> using std::cout; using std::endl; namespace gekko { template <class d> class d {public: d(); } /*end of gekko*/ } #endif gekko.cpp #ifndef GEKKO_cpp #define GEKKO_cpp #include <iostream> using std::cout; using std::endl; namespace gekko { template <class d> gekko<d>::gekko(){cout << "something happens" << endl;} /*end of gekko*/ } #endif this way I just creat a main program which includes #include "gekko.h" I get lot's of weird errors in the linking step, you'll see it is as if the standard library function were not linked or something????? thanks in advance, hendrik actual errors: bprop.o(.bss+0x0):bprop.cpp: multiple definition of `psyche::debug' psyche.o(.bss+0x0):psyche.cpp: first defined here NN.o(.bss+0x0):NN.cpp: multiple definition of `psyche::debug' psyche.o(.bss+0x0):psyche.cpp: first defined here psyche.o(.text+0x5f):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `psyche::perceptron t>::perceptron[in-charge]()' psyche.o(.text+0xc6):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std::cout' psyche.o(.text+0xd3):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char , std::char_traits& std::operator<< Quote: (std::basic _ostream<char, std::char_traits&, char const*)' psyche.o(.text+0xde):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char , std::char_traits& std::endl<char, std::char_traits Quote: (std::basic_ ostream<char, std::char_traits&)' psyche.o(.text+0xe3):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char , std::char_traits::operator<<(std::basic_ostream std::char_traits & (*)(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits&))' psyche.o(.text+0x13a):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `psyche::backprop<float , psyche::data, psyche::sigmoid>::offsets(std::vector<int, std::allocator &)' psyche.o(.text+0x149):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std::cout' psyche.o(.text+0x156):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<cha r, std::char_traits& std::operator<< Quote: (std::basi c_ostream<char, std::char_traits&, char const*)' psyche.o(.text+0x16a):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<cha r, std::char_traits& std::operator<< Quote: (std::basi c_ostream<char, std::char_traits&, char const*)' psyche.o(.text+0x175):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<cha r, std::char_traits& std::endl<char, std::char_traits Quote: (std::basic _ostream<char, std::char_traits&)' psyche.o(.text+0x17a):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<cha r, std::char_traits::operator<<(std::basic_ostream std::char_trait s& (*)(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits&))' psyche.o(.text+0x188):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>:: allocator[in-charge]()' psyche.o(.text+0x1a9):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std::basic_string<char , std::char_traits Quote: ::basic_string[in-charge](char c onst*, std::allocator<char> const&)' psyche.o(.text+0x1bb):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `psyche::perceptron<flo at>::file(std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits std::allocator<char> > )' psyche.o(.text+0x1d4):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std::basic_string<char , std::char_traits::~basic_string [in-charge]()' psyche.o(.text+0x1e7):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std::basic_string<char , std::char_traits::~basic_string [in-charge]()' psyche.o(.text+0x203):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>:: ~allocator [in-charge]()' psyche.o(.text+0x219):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>:: ~allocator [in-charge]()' psyche.o(.text+0x2a7):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::I nit[in-charge]()' psyche.o(.text+0x2f8):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::~ Init [in-charge]()' psyche.o(.text$_ZNSt6vectorIiSaIiEE13_M_insert_auxEN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iterato rIPiS1_EERKi+0x1a5):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `___cxa_begin_catch' psyche.o(.text$_ZNSt6vectorIiSaIiEE13_M_insert_auxEN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iterato rIPiS1_EERKi+0x1e1):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `___cxa_rethrow' psyche.o(.text$_ZNSt6vectorIiSaIiEE13_M_insert_auxEN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iterato rIPiS1_EERKi+0x1ec):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `___cxa_end_catch' psyche.o(.text$_ZNSt14__simple_allocIiSt24__default_alloc_templateILb1ELi0EEE10d eallocateEPij+0x1d):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std::__default_alloc_tem plate<(bool)1, (int)0>::deallocate(void*, unsigned)' psyche.o(.text$_ZNSt14__simple_allocIiSt24__default_alloc_templateILb1ELi0EEE8al locateEj+0x16):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std::__default_alloc_template <(bool)1, (int)0>::allocate(unsigned)' psyche.o(.text$_ZNSt14__simple_allocISt6vectorIiSaIiEESt24__default_alloc_templa teILb1ELi0EEE10deallocateEPS2_j+0x23):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std::_ _default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0>::deallocate(void*, unsigned)' psyche.o(.text$_ZSt8_DestroyIN6psyche6matrixIdEEEvPT_+0xd):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `psyche::matrix<double>::~matrix [in-charge]()' psyche.o(.text$_ZNSt14__simple_allocIN6psyche6matrixIdEESt24__default_alloc_temp lateILb1ELi0EEE10deallocateEPS2_j+0x24):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std: :__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0>::deallocate(void*, unsigned)' psyche.o(.text$_ZSt8_DestroyIN6psyche6matrixIfEEEvPT_+0xd):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `psyche::matrix<float>::~matrix [in-charge]()' psyche.o(.text$_ZNSt14__simple_allocIN6psyche6matrixIfEESt24__default_alloc_temp lateILb1ELi0EEE10deallocateEPS2_j+0x24):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `std: :__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0>::deallocate(void*, unsigned)' psyche.o(.eh_frame+0x12):psyche.cpp: undefined reference to `___gxx_personality_ v0' matrix.o(.text+0x1d):matrix.cpp: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::In it[in-charge]()' matrix.o(.text+0x38):matrix.cpp: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::~I nit [in-charge]()' matrix.o(.eh_frame+0x11):matrix.cpp: undefined reference to `___gxx_personality_ v0' test.o(.text+0x1d):test.cpp: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::Init[i n-charge]()' test.o(.text+0x38):test.cpp: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::~Init [in-charge]()' test.o(.eh_frame+0x11):test.cpp: undefined reference to `___gxx_personality_v0' bprop.o(.text+0x1d):bprop.cpp: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::Init [in-charge]()' bprop.o(.text+0x6e):bprop.cpp: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::~Ini t [in-charge]()' bprop.o(.text$_ZN6psyche8backpropIdNS_4dataENS_7sigmoidEEC1Ev+0xe):bprop.cpp: un defined reference to `psyche::topology<double>::topology[not-in-charge]()' bprop.o(.text$_ZN6psyche8backpropIdNS_4dataENS_7sigmoidEEC1Ev+0x1c):bprop.cpp: u ndefined reference to `psyche::data<double>::data[not-in-charge]()' bprop.o(.text$_ZN6psyche8backpropIdNS_4dataENS_7sigmoidEEC1Ev+0x27):bprop.cpp: u ndefined reference to `psyche::sigmoid<double>::sigmoid[not-in-charge]()' bprop.o(.eh_frame+0x12):bprop.cpp: undefined reference to `___gxx_personality_v0 ' topology.o(.text+0x1d):topology.cpp: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init ::Init[in-charge]()' topology.o(.text+0x38):topology.cpp: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init ::~Init [in-charge]()' topology.o(.eh_frame+0x11):topology.cpp: undefined reference to `___gxx_personal ity_v0' dataobj.o(.text+0xe1):dataobj.cpp: undefined reference to `std::basic_string<cha r, std::char_traits::length() const' dataobj.o(.text+0xfd):dataobj.cpp: undefined reference to `std::basic_string<cha r, std::char_traits::operator[](unsigned) const' dataobj.o(.text+0x12b):dataobj.cpp: undefined reference to `std::basic_string<ch ar, std::char_traits::substr(unsigned, unsigned) c onst' dataobj.o(.text+0x153):dataobj.cpp: undefined reference to `std::basic_string<ch ar, std::char_traits::~basic_string [in-charge]()' dataobj.o(.text+0x163):dataobj.cpp: undefined reference to `std::basic_string<ch ar, std::char_traits::~basic_string [in-charge]()' dataobj.o(.text$_ZSteqIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEbRKSbIT_T0_T1_ES8_+0x14):dataobj ..cpp: undefined reference to `std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits d::allocator<char> >::compare(std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits d::allocator<char> > const&) const' dataobj.o(.text$_ZSt10_ConstructISsSsEvPT_RKT0_+0x42):dataobj.cpp: undefined ref erence to `std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits std::allocator<char> Quote: ::basic_string[in-charge](std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits allocator<char> > const&)' dataobj.o(.text$_ZNSt6vectorISsSaISsEE13_M_insert_auxEN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iter atorIPSsS1_EERKSs+0x49):dataobj.cpp: undefined reference to `std::basic_string<c har, std::char_traits Quote: ::basic_string[in-charge](std ::basic_string<char, std::char_traits const&)' dataobj.o(.text$_ZNSt6vectorISsSaISsEE13_M_insert_auxEN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iter atorIPSsS1_EERKSs+0xb8):dataobj.cpp: undefined reference to `std::basic_string<c har, std::char_traits Quote: ::operator=(std::basic_string char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)' dataobj.o(.text$_ZNSt6vectorISsSaISsEE13_M_insert_auxEN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iter atorIPSsS1_EERKSs+0xcb):dataobj.cpp: undefined reference to `std::basic_string<c har, std::char_traits::~basic_string [in-charge]() ' dataobj.o(.text$_ZNSt6vectorISsSaISsEE13_M_insert_auxEN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iter atorIPSsS1_EERKSs+0xe4):dataobj.cpp: undefined reference to `std::basic_string<c har, std::char_traits::~basic_string [in-charge]() ' dataobj.o(.text$_ZNSt6vectorISsSaISsEE13_M_insert_auxEN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iter atorIPSsS1_EERKSs+0x1e3):dataobj.cpp: undefined reference to `___cxa_begin_catch ' dataobj.o(.text$_ZNSt6vectorISsSaISsEE13_M_insert_auxEN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iter atorIPSsS1_EERKSs+0x21f):dataobj.cpp: undefined reference to `___cxa_rethrow' dataobj.o(.text$_ZNSt6vectorISsSaISsEE13_M_insert_auxEN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iter atorIPSsS1_EERKSs+0x22a):dataobj.cpp: undefined reference to `___cxa_end_catch' dataobj.o(.text$_ZNSt14__simple_allocISsSt24__default_alloc_templateILb1ELi0EEE1 0deallocateEPSsj+0x1d):dataobj.cpp: undefined reference to `std::__default_alloc _template<(bool)1, (int)0>::deallocate(void*, unsigned)' dataobj.o(.text$_ZSt8_DestroyISsEvPT_+0xd):dataobj.cpp: undefined reference to ` std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits Quote: ::~basic_s tring [in-charge]()' dataobj.o(.text$_ZNSt14__simple_allocISsSt24__default_alloc_templateILb1ELi0EEE8 allocateEj+0x16):dataobj.cpp: undefined reference to `std::__default_alloc_templ ate<(bool)1, (int)0>::allocate(unsigned)' dataobj.o(.text$_ZSt24__uninitialized_copy_auxIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPS sSt6vectorISsSaISsEEEES6_ET0_T_S8_S7_12__false_type+0x73):dataobj.cpp: undefined reference to `___cxa_begin_catch' dataobj.o(.text$_ZSt24__uninitialized_copy_auxIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPS sSt6vectorISsSaISsEEEES6_ET0_T_S8_S7_12__false_type+0x8a):dataobj.cpp: undefined reference to `___cxa_rethrow' dataobj.o(.text$_ZSt24__uninitialized_copy_auxIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPS sSt6vectorISsSaISsEEEES6_ET0_T_S8_S7_12__false_type+0x95):dataobj.cpp: undefined reference to `___cxa_end_catch' dataobj.o(.text$_ZSt15__copy_backwardIPSsS0_ET0_T_S2_S1_St26random_access_iterat or_tag+0x36):dataobj.cpp: undefined reference to `std::basic_string<char, std::c har_traits Quote: ::operator=(std::basic_string<char, std: :char_traits const&)' dataobj.o(.eh_frame+0x12):dataobj.cpp: undefined reference to `___gxx_personalit y_v0' NN.o(.text+0x1d):NN.cpp: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::Init[in-ch arge]()' NN.o(.text+0x6e):NN.cpp: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::~Init [in- charge]()' NN.o(.eh_frame+0x11):NN.cpp: undefined reference to `___gxx_personality_v0' tex.o(.text+0x1d4):tex.cpp: undefined reference to `operator new[](unsigned)' tex.o(.text+0x2cc):tex.cpp: undefined reference to `operator new[](unsigned)' tex.o(.text+0x303):tex.cpp: undefined reference to `operator new[](unsigned)' tex.o(.text+0x37d):tex.cpp: undefined reference to `operator new[](unsigned)' tex.o(.text+0x3fe):tex.cpp: undefined reference to `operator new[](unsigned)' tex.o(.text+0x435):tex.cpp: more undefined references to `operator new[](unsigne d)' follow tex.o(.text+0xa99):tex.cpp: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::Init[in -charge]()' tex.o(.text+0xab4):tex.cpp: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::~Init [ in-charge]()' tex.o(.text$_ZN4Loki11SmallObjectINS_14SingleThreadedELj4096ELj64EEdlEPvj+0x28): tex.cpp: undefined reference to `Loki::SmallObjAllocator::Deallocate(void*, unsi gned)' tex.o(.data$_ZTI7letter_+0x0):tex.cpp: undefined reference to `vtable for __cxxa biv1::__si_class_type_info' tex.o(.data$_ZTIN4Loki11SmallObjectINS_14SingleThreadedELj4096ELj64EEE+0x0):tex. cpp: undefined reference to `vtable for __cxxabiv1::__si_class_type_info' tex.o(.data$_ZTIN4Loki14SingleThreadedINS_11SmallObjectIS0_Lj4096ELj64EEEEE+0x0) :tex.cpp: undefined reference to `vtable for __cxxabiv1::__class_type_info' tex.o(.text$_ZN4Loki15SingletonHolderINS_11SmallObjectINS_14SingleThreadedELj409 6ELj64EE19MySmallObjAllocatorENS_12CreateStaticENS_16PhoenixSingletonES2_E16Dest roySingletonEv+0x27):tex.cpp: undefined reference to `__assert' tex.o(.text$_ZN4Loki11SmallObjectINS_14SingleThreadedELj4096ELj64EE19MySmallObjA llocatorC1Ev+0x1d):tex.cpp: undefined reference to `Loki::SmallObjAllocator::Sma llObjAllocator[not-in-charge](unsigned, unsigned)' tex.o(.text$_ZSt8_DestroyIN4Loki14FixedAllocatorEEvPT_+0xd):tex.cpp: undefined r eference to `Loki::FixedAllocator::~FixedAllocator [in-charge]()' tex.o(.text$_ZNSt14__simple_allocIN4Loki14FixedAllocatorESt24__default_alloc_tem plateILb1ELi0EEE10deallocateEPS1_j+0x24):tex.cpp: undefined reference to `std::_ _default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0>::deallocate(void*, unsigned)' tex.o(.eh_frame+0x12):tex.cpp: undefined reference to `___gxx_personality_v0' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [all] Error 1 Back to top Victor Bazarov Guest Posted: Sat Jun 28, 2003 4:44 pm    Post subject: Re: template separation "klaas" <jan (AT) zonnet (DOT) ru> wrote... Quote: Can I put implementation and header class definition in separate files also for templatized classes? Usually not. The definition has to be visible to the compiler at the point of instantiation of the template. Read more about keyword "export". Victor Back to top Samuele Armondi Guest Posted: Sat Jun 28, 2003 4:45 pm    Post subject: Re: template separation "klaas" <jan (AT) zonnet (DOT) ru> wrote Quote: Can I put implementation and header class definition in separate files also for templatized classes? I get a lot of errors and i don't know why. AFAIK, template definitions and declarations need to be in the same translation unit (header file or cpp file). In fact, the STL is all in the headers, there are no object files or anything. HTH, S. Armondi Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First         C++Talk.NET Forum Index -> C++ language (comp.lang.c++) All times are GMT Page 1 of 1   Jump to: Select a forum C/C++----------------C LanguageC Language (Moderated)C++ Language (Moderated)C++ language (comp.lang.c++)C++ language, library and standards Non-English C/C++ Newsgroups----------------C++ (German)C++ (French)  You cannot post new topics in this forum You cannot reply to topics in this forum You cannot edit your posts in this forum You cannot delete your posts in this forum You cannot vote in polls in this forum Powered by phpBB © 2001, 2006 phpBB Group SEO toolkit © 2004-2006 webmedic.