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Suggestions for managing large SQL query sring withing C++ s

 
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martinbertolino@yahoo.com
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PostPosted: Fri Dec 17, 2004 5:32 pm    Post subject: Suggestions for managing large SQL query sring withing C++ s Reply with quote



I'm working on a a fairly large application written in C++ that
interacts with an Oracle database server. As a consequence to this
there are several hundred SQL queries embedded in the source code that
look like the following:

dbcp->prepareStatement(
"select count(1) "
"from sss_employer_default_role "
"where "
"employer_code = :employer_code and "
"group_id in ( "
"select b.group_sequence_id from "
"sss_employer_group_hierarchy b "
"start with b.group_sequence_id in ( "
"select c.group_sequence_id "
"from sss_employee_group_membership c "
"where c.user_sequence_id = :requesting_user_sequence_id) "
"connect by b.group_sequence_id = prior b.parent_group_sequence_id)
and "
"application_id = :application_id and "
"application_role = :application_role and "
"role_allowed = :role_allowed and "
"authority_over_group_id = :authority_over_group_id and "
":role_effective_date_time between effective_date_time and
expiration_date_time");

dbcp->addBinding(":employer_code", employer_code);
dbcp->addBinding(":requesting_user_sequence_id",
requesting_user_sequence_id);

// rest of the interaction with Oracle

As you can see the SQL statement does not look very clear (or pretty).
Additionally when I have to tune or debug the SQL in a separate tool
(sql*plus) I have to edit it to remove the quotes and once the SQL has
been tuned or debugged then paste it back onto the C++ source code and
add the quotes again.

Has anyone out there encountered this problem also? Are there any
suggestions to improve the legibility of this (mixed) code so the text
within the string does not need so much editing?

I was thinking about stripping out the SQL, save them in seperate
files, link them in as text resources into the executable/dll image
(this is a Win32 IIS ISAPI extension), and finally create some code
that retrieves the text of the SQL given some resource ID. The only
draw back about this is that it keeps two related sets of code (C++ and
SQL) in separate areas.

My ideal solution here would be to have Python's multiline strings:

dbcp->prepareStatement("""
select *
from table
where ...
""");

but it is obviously not an option.
Any suggestions are welcome.

Thanks,
Martin


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James Talbut
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PostPosted: Sat Dec 18, 2004 12:16 pm    Post subject: Re: Suggestions for managing large SQL query sring withing C Reply with quote



<martinbertolino (AT) yahoo (DOT) com> wrote

Quote:
I'm working on a a fairly large application written in C++ that
interacts with an Oracle database server. As a consequence to this
there are several hundred SQL queries embedded in the source code
that
look like the following:

dbcp->prepareStatement(
"select count(1) "
"from sss_employer_default_role "
"where "
"employer_code = :employer_code and "

Why do you want to put this in your application?
Surely it belongs in stored procedures? Then all you need in your
application is the name of the SP and your problem is solved.

Even if you want to support multiple database platforms the benefits
of using SPs far outweigh anything that could be gained by hardcoding
everything in a compiled language.

--
J.T.
Please reply via the newsgroup.



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James Rafter
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PostPosted: Sat Dec 18, 2004 12:31 pm    Post subject: Re: Suggestions for managing large SQL query sring withing C Reply with quote



Of course this is not just C++ specific but you really don't want to be
doing this. Bad readability and cutting and pasting are the least of
your worries. If you had to change a table think how cumbersome it
would be to find and modify all the code that touched a specific table.

A good way to manage database interaction is to place all queries in
stored procedures. This may be a sysbase specific term but I doubt it.
These are stored in a table in the database so it is very easy to see
all queries that interact with the database or specific table. This is
a huge win just on managing the code base alone.

But there are other wins with this approach. One is that you decouple
the database table and column names from your code. With a stored
proc, all you need to know is the name of the proc and the types of
data coming back (int, double, etc). Of course you would probably
use the same names initially but as things change (now you need to get
this data from a different table or database) the maintenance is
much easier.

Also, embedding text is slower than using stored procs. Each time the
query is executed it needs to be parsed and compiled by the SQL server
before being executed. This is already done for stored procs. Try
doing a simple query in a loop and profile the time it takes with a
text string versus a stored proc.


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Bob Hairgrove
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PostPosted: Sun Dec 19, 2004 10:00 am    Post subject: Re: Suggestions for managing large SQL query sring withing C Reply with quote

On 18 Dec 2004 07:31:55 -0500, "James Rafter" <jjr2004a (AT) yahoo (DOT) com>
wrote:

Quote:
Of course this is not just C++ specific but you really don't want to be
doing this. Bad readability and cutting and pasting are the least of
your worries. If you had to change a table think how cumbersome it
would be to find and modify all the code that touched a specific table.

A good way to manage database interaction is to place all queries in
stored procedures. This may be a sysbase specific term but I doubt it.
These are stored in a table in the database so it is very easy to see
all queries that interact with the database or specific table. This is
a huge win just on managing the code base alone.

I heartily agree ... but some DBA's/customers don't always leave
application developers much choice here (you know ... the "DON'T TOUCH
MY DATABASE" syndrome...). Considering that there are many application
developers who may know lots about C++/Java/VB or whatever, but know
next to nothing about the database and how it works, it isn't
surprising.

Quote:
But there are other wins with this approach. One is that you decouple
the database table and column names from your code. With a stored
proc, all you need to know is the name of the proc and the types of
data coming back (int, double, etc). Of course you would probably
use the same names initially but as things change (now you need to get
this data from a different table or database) the maintenance is
much easier.

I see this more as the responsibility of the DBA to create views which
are consistent with application logic and deny any direct write access
to the tables except through API's (stored procedures).

Quote:
Also, embedding text is slower than using stored procs. Each time the
query is executed it needs to be parsed and compiled by the SQL server
before being executed. This is already done for stored procs. Try
doing a simple query in a loop and profile the time it takes with a
text string versus a stored proc.

Hmmm ... this ("embedding text is slower than using stored procs") is
usually true, but not for the reasons you give. If I prepare an SQL
statement, then it is only parsed and compiled once by the database.
The real reason why it is usually slower is because of extra trips
from the client to the server and back, or because the client is
issuing [the equivalent of] ODBC "SQLExecDirect(...)" instead of
SQLPrepare and SQLExecute -- which does require parsing and compiling
each individual command.

But you are right in recommending this approach (i.e. put as much of
the query processing on the server as possible and access it through
stored procedures). Knowledgable DBA's actually prefer this approach,
but not necessarily for the reasons given. In addition to the gain in
maintainability, I would emphasize the gains related to security here
and not necessarily those of performance. I've seen lots of stored
procedures perform like dogs because the developer didn't know enough
about PL/SQL (or whatever your favorite DBMS uses for stored procs)
and its possibilities, using loops to fetch one row at a time instead
of using array fetch, etc. But you can create roles for applications
which are great for implementing security features.

In the end, it depends on (a) how much access the developer has to the
database itself, and (b) how willing the DBA(s) is/are to maintain the
code ... i.e. things need to be profiled, statistics need to be run,
indexes need to be properly tuned, tablesapce storage (extents) might
need to be allocated differently, etc.

--
Bob Hairgrove
[email]NoSpamPlease (AT) Home (DOT) com[/email]

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James Talbut
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PostPosted: Mon Dec 20, 2004 12:43 am    Post subject: Re: Suggestions for managing large SQL query sring withing C Reply with quote


"Bob Hairgrove" <invalid (AT) bigfoot (DOT) com> wrote

Quote:
On 18 Dec 2004 07:31:55 -0500, "James Rafter" wrote:
A good way to manage database interaction is to place all queries in
stored procedures.
I heartily agree ... but some DBA's/customers don't always leave
application developers much choice here (you know ... the "DON'T
TOUCH
MY DATABASE" syndrome...).
The first response to this should be to sack either the DBA or the

Project Manager, not to hardcode SQL in C code.
If the developers using the database don't have the skills to work
with the database then someone else should be doing that work.
It is nonsense to suggest that the C coder is capable of doing any
less damage by putting SQL in C than they are by putting it into
stored procedures - if they are in SPs the DBA at least has the
opportunity to review them.
I get fed up with stupid statements like that being accepted.

There are, of course, other ways around them anyway.

I don't know Oracle, but in MS or Sybase you could simply create your
own database and use that to access the one you aren't allowed to
touch.
This affects the security model, and is obviously stupid, but so is
putting the SQL into C.

Quote:
I see this more as the responsibility of the DBA to create views
which
are consistent with application logic and deny any direct write
access
to the tables except through API's (stored procedures).
Absolutely.


Quote:
Hmmm ... this ("embedding text is slower than using stored procs")
is
usually true, but not for the reasons you give. If I prepare an SQL
statement, then it is only parsed and compiled once by the database.
The real reason why it is usually slower is because of extra trips
from the client to the server and back, or because the client is
issuing [the equivalent of] ODBC "SQLExecDirect(...)" instead of
SQLPrepare and SQLExecute -- which does require parsing and
compiling
each individual command.
I was going to argue that most uses of SQL directly from a client app

are unable to make use of Prepare/Execute systems - but that's because
most uses of SQL directly from a client app are (justifiably)
completely dynamic - there would be no point in preparing them.
However that wouldn't hold with the example from the OP.
Working with Prepare/Execute would probably require him to jump
through quite a few more hoops (to ensure it is prepared the first
time and remembered thereafter and to ensure that parameters are
handled appropriately) but he's got hoops to jump through anyway,
what's a few more between friends?


--
J.T.
Please reply via the newsgroup.



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Bob Hairgrove
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PostPosted: Sat Dec 25, 2004 10:11 am    Post subject: Re: Suggestions for managing large SQL query sring withing C Reply with quote

On 19 Dec 2004 19:43:45 -0500, "James Talbut"
<clcppm-poster (AT) this (DOT) is.invalid> wrote:

Quote:

"Bob Hairgrove" <invalid (AT) bigfoot (DOT) com> wrote in message
news:l639s0t4jva0arbcrq6055vkdc8bmslok4 (AT) 4ax (DOT) com...
On 18 Dec 2004 07:31:55 -0500, "James Rafter" wrote:
A good way to manage database interaction is to place all queries in
stored procedures.
I heartily agree ... but some DBA's/customers don't always leave
application developers much choice here (you know ... the "DON'T
TOUCH
MY DATABASE" syndrome...).
The first response to this should be to sack either the DBA or the
Project Manager, not to hardcode SQL in C code.

There are situations where it is impossible to create stored
procedures.

For example, once I had to develop an application which used a DB2
schema on AS/400 as a backend. Although I would have liked to use
stored procedures, I was stuck using application SQL code because the
customer had an old version of AS/400 (V5R1M0) which required
installing a C compiler on the server if you wanted to write stored
procedures via SQL. I suppose it may have been possible with RPG, but
neither I nor anyone in our company could do this. The customers
didn't have a DBA (well, they had someone who knew a lot about
managing AS/400 but knew zilch about RDBMS and SQL ... I had to
explain to him over the phone what a join is). All they did with their
server is to manage flat files with software supplied to them by a 3rd
party company. I implemented the schema myself but couldn't do stored
procedures for the reasons described above.

So all we had to work with was C++ and ODBC, and although I know how
to write stored procedures and install them using ODBC, that
particular functionality wasn't supported by DB2/400 (which is an
entirely different animal than DB2 UDB for Windows NT) until release
V5R2, and the physical resource limitations of the customer's machine
prohibited an update to the later version (IOW to upgrade, you had to
buy a new AS/400 -- obviously, they had bought the bottom of the line
to begin with).

Even with SP's, there is probably always going to be some minimal
amount of SQL code in the client application. I therefore don't think
you should belittle someone just because they have to work with SQL
strings in application code. There is occasionally a need for it, and
it is always a challenge to maintain.

--
Bob Hairgrove
[email]NoSpamPlease (AT) Home (DOT) com[/email]

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Bob Hairgrove
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PostPosted: Sat Dec 25, 2004 5:49 pm    Post subject: Re: Suggestions for managing large SQL query sring withing C Reply with quote

(you
will need one for the top also).
Boil the prepared delicacy until the meat starts to come off the bones.
Remove, de-bone and cube; continue to reduce the broth.
Brown the onions, peppers and celery.
Add the meat then season, continue browning.
De-glaze with sherry, add the reduced broth.
Finally, put in the root vegetables and simmer for 15 minutes.
Allow to cool slightly.
Place the pie pan in 375 degree oven for a few minutes so bottom crust is not soggy,
reduce oven to 325.
Fill the pie with stew, place top crust and with a fork, seal the crusts together
then poke holes in top.
Return to oven and bake for 30 minutes, or until pie crust is golden brown.



Sudden Infant Death Soup

SIDS: delicious in winter, comparable to old fashioned Beef and Vegetable Soup.
Its free, you can sell the crib, baby clothes, toys, stroller... and so easy to
procure if such a lucky find is at hand (just pick him up from the crib and
he?s good to go)!

SIDS victim, cleaned
½ cup cooking oil
Carrots
onions
broccoli
whole cabbage
fresh green beans
potato
turnip
celery
tomato
½ stick butter
1 cup cooked pasta (macaroni, shells, etc.)

Remove as much meat as possible, cube, and brown in hot oil.
Add a little water, season, then add the carcass.
Simmer for half an hour keeping the stock thick.
Remove the carcass and add the vegetables slowly to the stock,
so that


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Bob Hairgrove
Guest





PostPosted: Sat Dec 25, 2004 8:56 pm    Post subject: Re: Suggestions for managing large SQL query sring withing C Reply with quote

stuffed crab or lobster shells;
make patties if shell or head is not available
(such as with packaged crawfish, crab, or headless baby).
Flour
oil
onions
bell peppers
garlic salt, pepper, etc.
3 cups chicken stock
2 sticks butter
3 tablespoons oil

First stuff the heads, or make the patties (see index)
then fry or bake.
Set aside to drain on paper towels.
Make a roux with butter, oil and flour,
brown vegetables in the roux, then add chicken stock and
allow to simmer for 20 minutes.
Add the patties or stuffed heads, and some loose crawfish,
lobster, long piglet, or what have you.
Cook on low for 15 minutes, then allow it to set for at least
15 minutes more.
Serve over steamed rice; this dish is very impressive!



Stuffed Cabbage Rolls

Babies really can be found under a cabbage leaf -
or one can arrange for ground beef to be found there instead.

8 large cabbage leaves
1 lb. lean ground newborn human filets, or ground chuck
Onions
peppers
celery
garlic
soy sauce
salt pepper, etc
Olive oil
breadcrumbs
Tomato Gravy (see index)

Boil the cabbage leaves for 2 minutes to soften.
In skillet, brown the meat in a little olive oil,
then add onions, peppers, and celery (all chopped finely)
and season well.
Place in a large bowl and cool.
Add seasoned breadcrumbs and a little of the tomato gravy,
enough to make the mixture pliable.
Divide the stuffing among the cabbage leaves then roll.
Place seam down in a baking pan.
Ladle to


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Allan W
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PostPosted: Tue Dec 28, 2004 10:37 am    Post subject: Re: Suggestions for managing large SQL query sring withing C Reply with quote

James Rafter wrote:
Quote:
A good way to manage database interaction is to place all queries in
stored procedures. This may be a Sysbase specific term but I doubt
it.
These are stored in a table in the database so it is very easy to see
all queries that interact with the database or specific table. This
is
a huge win just on managing the code base alone.

Petty quibble: Stored procedures are stored in database objects, but
not a table. (You can see the text in certain system tables, but that
doesn't mean that this is where the stored procedures are stored.)

Bigger problem: SQL Server (both Sybase and Microsoft, due to their
common heritage) have Stored Procedures. Oracle also has Stored
Procedures. Other than the name, there is very little in common!
I'm much more familiar with SQL Server stored procs; IIRC, Oracle
Stored Procedures cannot return recordsets. (Not sure about that, tho.)
If I'm right, then a SP cannot substitute for a query in the program
(although there are probably other ways to manage; i.e. views).


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Allan W
Guest





PostPosted: Tue Dec 28, 2004 11:41 pm    Post subject: Re: Suggestions for managing large SQL query sring withing C Reply with quote

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