C++Talk.NET C++ language newsgroups   Archives   FAQ   Search   Memberlist   Usergroups   Register   Profile   Log in to check your private messages   Log in  Deleting Pointers from STL Vector Goto page 1, 2  Next          C++Talk.NET Forum Index -> C++ language (comp.lang.c++) View previous topic :: View next topic   Author Message Hanzo Guest Posted: Thu Oct 02, 2003 10:18 am    Post subject: Deleting Pointers from STL Vector I'm iterating over a vector of base class pointers and deleting those which meet a certain criteria...i'm using pretty text-book code for the particular delete/erasure (it's straight out of Myers' Effective STL), and reads like this: void CGame::RemoveDeadObjects() { // cleanup crew!! vector<CDrawableObject*>::iterator i; for (i = g_vecGameObjects.begin(); i != g_vecGameObjects.end() { // if object is not null and can be removed... if ((*i) && (*i)->CanRemove()) { // grab hold before erasure CDrawableObject* toDie = *i; // erase... i = g_vecGameObjects.erase(i); // ...and kill delete toDie; toDie = NULL; } else ++i; } } Here's the problem: on the two lines that say delete toDie; toDie = NULL; I am noticing that the original variable to which toDie is pointing is not being set to NULL, just "toDie" itself. In other words, if one of the CDrawableObjects* was say, a member var of CGame called m_cdPlayer1, when the delete/set-to-NULL happens: 1. Before the delete, toDie and m_cdPlayer1 have a value of 0x00a72498. 2. After the delete, both toDie and m_cdPlayer1 have their __vfptr point to memory 0xFEEEFEEE (signifying a delete) 3. After the set-to-null, the value of toDie becomes 0x00000000, while m_cdPlayer1 remains at a value of 0x00a72498 (while still pointing to 0xFEEEFEEE). Not the behavior I want. At this point, m_cdPlayer1 is officially deleted, yet the test "if (m_cdPlayer)" fails, since it is technically not NULL. Any suggestions or recommendations on how to get the intended behavior out of this snippet? - Hanzo [ See http://www.gotw.ca/resources/clcm.htm for info about ] [ comp.lang.c++.moderated. First time posters: Do this! ] Back to top Kevin Goodsell Guest Posted: Thu Oct 02, 2003 6:58 pm    Post subject: Re: Deleting Pointers from STL Vector [Cross-post to moderated group removed. I'd rather not wait for moderation. Generally, you should not cross-post to moderated groups.] Hanzo wrote: Quote: I'm iterating over a vector of base class pointers and deleting those which meet a certain criteria...i'm using pretty text-book code for the particular delete/erasure (it's straight out of Myers' Effective STL), and reads like this: void CGame::RemoveDeadObjects() { // cleanup crew!! vector<CDrawableObject*>::iterator i; for (i = g_vecGameObjects.begin(); i != g_vecGameObjects.end() { // if object is not null and can be removed... if ((*i) && (*i)->CanRemove()) { // grab hold before erasure CDrawableObject* toDie = *i; // erase... i = g_vecGameObjects.erase(i); // ...and kill delete toDie; toDie = NULL; Why bother setting this to NULL when it's about to go out of scope and cease to exist? Also, there would be nothing wrong with doing this instead: delete *i; i = g_vecGameObjects.erase(i); Quote: } else ++i; } } Here's the problem: on the two lines that say delete toDie; toDie = NULL; I am noticing that the original variable to which toDie is pointing is not being set to NULL, just "toDie" itself. The original variable to which toDie was pointing is gone. It doesn't exist. You deleted it. Once you've done that, you have no business attempting to determine its value. Quote: In other words, if one of the CDrawableObjects* was say, a member var of CGame called m_cdPlayer1, when the delete/set-to-NULL happens: You are saying you have two different, unrelated pointers pointing to the same dynamically created object? In that case, your problem is poor design. The solution is to fix the design. Quote: 1. Before the delete, toDie and m_cdPlayer1 have a value of 0x00a72498. 2. After the delete, both toDie and m_cdPlayer1 have their __vfptr point to memory 0xFEEEFEEE (signifying a delete) I don't know what a __vfptr is, but pointers are just pointer - they don't "have" anything called __vfptr. Theoretically, they could point to something that does, but in this case you have deleted the thing they point to, so you may not examine it or attempt to determine its value in any way. If you do so, your program's behavior is undefined. Quote: 3. After the set-to-null, the value of toDie becomes 0x00000000, while m_cdPlayer1 remains at a value of 0x00a72498 (while still pointing to 0xFEEEFEEE). Of course. Quote: Not the behavior I want. At this point, m_cdPlayer1 is officially deleted, yet the test "if (m_cdPlayer)" fails, since it is technically not NULL. Of course. Quote: Any suggestions or recommendations on how to get the intended behavior out of this snippet? Don't share an object between two pointers like that. Or, if you do, have one pointer "own" the object - never attempt to delete it through the other pointer. This can get complicated, though. You have to be sure the owner doesn't delete it while it may still be accessed through any other pointer. In general, you cannot know whether the object pointed to by a pointer still exists, or has been deleted, and any attempt to refer to a deleted object causes undefined behavior. -Kevin -- My email address is valid, but changes periodically. To contact me please use the address from a recent posting. Back to top David B. Held Guest Posted: Thu Oct 02, 2003 7:10 pm    Post subject: Re: Deleting Pointers from STL Vector "Hanzo" <hanzo (AT) milclan (DOT) com> wrote http://www.cuj.com/documents/s=8890/cujexp0310alexandr/http://www.cuj.com/documents/s=8890/cujexp0310alexandr/ Quote: [...] Any suggestions or recommendations on how to get the intended behavior out of this snippet? Yes. Use a smart pointer. Then, just destroy the copies of pointers that you don't want any more. When the last pointer to the object is destroyed, the object will be freed. Here's a pretty popular smart pointer: www.boost.org/libs/smart_ptr/index.htm Dave --- Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free. Checked by AVG anti-virus system ([url]http://www.grisoft.com)[/url]. Version: 6.0.521 / Virus Database: 319 - Release Date: 9/23/2003 Back to top Peter van Merkerk Guest Posted: Thu Oct 02, 2003 8:04 pm    Post subject: Re: Deleting Pointers from STL Vector Quote: I'm iterating over a vector of base class pointers and deleting those which meet a certain criteria...i'm using pretty text-book code for the particular delete/erasure (it's straight out of Myers' Effective STL), and reads like this: void CGame::RemoveDeadObjects() { // cleanup crew!! vector<CDrawableObject*>::iterator i; for (i = g_vecGameObjects.begin(); i != g_vecGameObjects.end() { // if object is not null and can be removed... if ((*i) && (*i)->CanRemove()) { // grab hold before erasure CDrawableObject* toDie = *i; // erase... i = g_vecGameObjects.erase(i); // ...and kill delete toDie; toDie = NULL; } else ++i; } } Here's the problem: on the two lines that say delete toDie; toDie = NULL; After those lines toDie runs out of scope; why bother setting it to NULL? Quote: I am noticing that the original variable to which toDie is pointing is not being set to NULL, just "toDie" itself. 'toDie = NULL;' only sets the toDie pointer to NULL it does not affect the object it was pointing to. Note that that object no longer exists at the point toDie is being set to NULL because it was deleted just before that line. -- Peter van Merkerk peter.van.merkerk(at)dse.nl [ See http://www.gotw.ca/resources/clcm.htm for info about ] [ comp.lang.c++.moderated. First time posters: Do this! ] Back to top Hanzo Guest Posted: Thu Oct 02, 2003 8:18 pm    Post subject: Re: Deleting Pointers from STL Vector On Thu, 02 Oct 2003 18:58:44 GMT, Kevin Goodsell <usenet1.spamfree.fusion (AT) neverbox (DOT) com> wrote: Quote: [Cross-post to moderated group removed. I'd rather not wait for moderation. Generally, you should not cross-post to moderated groups.] Sorry about that. Quote: Why bother setting this to NULL when it's about to go out of scope and cease to exist? The goal is to have m_cdPlayer1 set to NULL; my only access to it at that point is via an iterator walking the g_vecGameObjects vector, though. Quote: delete *i; i = g_vecGameObjects.erase(i); Several people have recommended this strategy now, I just want to make sure that, ultimately, m_cdPlayer1 is the variable that is deleted/set to NULL, so that later on in the code, when I need to perform this check: if (m_cdPlayer != NULL) That I don't erroneously evaluate to true when in fact the variable has been deleted and *should* be NULL. - Hanzo Back to top Randy Maddox Guest Posted: Thu Oct 02, 2003 11:44 pm    Post subject: Re: Deleting Pointers from STL Vector Hanzo <hanzo (AT) milclan (DOT) com> wrote Quote: I'm iterating over a vector of base class pointers and deleting those which meet a certain criteria...i'm using pretty text-book code for the particular delete/erasure (it's straight out of Myers' Effective STL), and reads like this: void CGame::RemoveDeadObjects() { // cleanup crew!! vector<CDrawableObject*>::iterator i; for (i = g_vecGameObjects.begin(); i != g_vecGameObjects.end() { // if object is not null and can be removed... if ((*i) && (*i)->CanRemove()) { // grab hold before erasure CDrawableObject* toDie = *i; Here toDie is a COPY of the pointer referenced by the iterator i. When you later set toDie to NULL (and why not just 0?) you are only setting that copy, and of course not the original pointer it was copied from. All you need to do is to make toDie be a reference to the pointer of interest, rather than a copy of it. Simply change the above declaration to: CDrawableObject* &toDie = *i; and all will work as you expect. Randy. Quote: // erase... i = g_vecGameObjects.erase(i); // ...and kill delete toDie; toDie = NULL; } { Snip of unreferenced quoting. -mod/jep } [ See http://www.gotw.ca/resources/clcm.htm for info about ] [ comp.lang.c++.moderated. First time posters: Do this! ] Back to top Bob Bell Guest Posted: Thu Oct 02, 2003 11:49 pm    Post subject: Re: Deleting Pointers from STL Vector Hanzo <hanzo (AT) milclan (DOT) com> wrote Quote: I'm iterating over a vector of base class pointers and deleting those which meet a certain criteria...i'm using pretty text-book code for the particular delete/erasure (it's straight out of Myers' Effective STL), and reads like this: void CGame::RemoveDeadObjects() { // cleanup crew!! vector<CDrawableObject*>::iterator i; for (i = g_vecGameObjects.begin(); i != g_vecGameObjects.end() { // if object is not null and can be removed... if ((*i) && (*i)->CanRemove()) { // grab hold before erasure CDrawableObject* toDie = *i; // erase... i = g_vecGameObjects.erase(i); // ...and kill delete toDie; toDie = NULL; } else ++i; } } Here's the problem: on the two lines that say delete toDie; toDie = NULL; I am noticing that the original variable to which toDie is pointing is not being set to NULL, just "toDie" itself. In other words, if one of the CDrawableObjects* was say, a member var of CGame called m_cdPlayer1, when the delete/set-to-NULL happens: 1. Before the delete, toDie and m_cdPlayer1 have a value of 0x00a72498. 2. After the delete, both toDie and m_cdPlayer1 have their __vfptr point to memory 0xFEEEFEEE (signifying a delete) 3. After the set-to-null, the value of toDie becomes 0x00000000, while m_cdPlayer1 remains at a value of 0x00a72498 (while still pointing to 0xFEEEFEEE). Not the behavior I want. At this point, m_cdPlayer1 is officially deleted, yet the test "if (m_cdPlayer)" fails, since it is technically not NULL. Any suggestions or recommendations on how to get the intended behavior out of this snippet? Put boost::shared_ptrs in your vector (no delete needed, just erase from the vector), and use boost::weak_ptr as m_cdPlayer1. That should do what you want. http://www.boost.org. Bob [ See http://www.gotw.ca/resources/clcm.htm for info about ] [ comp.lang.c++.moderated. First time posters: Do this! ] Back to top Hanzo Guest Posted: Fri Oct 03, 2003 2:43 am    Post subject: Re: Deleting Pointers from STL Vector On 2 Oct 2003 19:44:52 -0400, [email]rmaddox (AT) isicns (DOT) com[/email] (Randy Maddox) wrote: Quote: Hanzo <hanzo (AT) milclan (DOT) com> wrote All you need to do is to make toDie be a reference to the pointer of interest, rather than a copy of it. Simply change the above declaration to: CDrawableObject* &toDie = *i; and all will work as you expect. This does not work. 1. toDie is set to 0x00000000 after the delete and assignment to NULL. m_cdPlayer1, while pointing to 0xFEEEFEEE, is still a value of 0x00a72498. This evaluates to not NULL, and fails a test to see if it exists. 2. Some other people have suggested I do this: if ((*i) && (*i)->CanRemove()) { delete *i; *i = NULL; This, also, does not work. After the delete, both *i and m_cdPlayer1 point to 0xFEEEFEEE (deleted), and their values are both 0x00a72498. However, after *i is assigned to NULL, its value is 0x00000000, while m_cdPlayer1 remains 0x00a72498. Ultimately, this boils down to one fact: I absolutely need a way to walk a vector of base pointers, and delete/NULL them, affecting the original variables that were pushed onto the vector in the first place. Some people have also suggested smart pointers and boost, and I am stuck with STLPort. Sorry. - Hanzo Back to top Philipp Bachmann Guest Posted: Fri Oct 03, 2003 9:33 am    Post subject: Re: Deleting Pointers from STL Vector Quote: void CGame::RemoveDeadObjects() { // cleanup crew!! vector<CDrawableObject*>::iterator i; for (i = g_vecGameObjects.begin(); i != g_vecGameObjects.end() { // if object is not null and can be removed... if ((*i) && (*i)->CanRemove()) { // grab hold before erasure CDrawableObject* toDie = *i; // erase... i = g_vecGameObjects.erase(i); // ...and kill delete toDie; toDie = NULL; } else ++i; } } Here's the problem: on the two lines that say delete toDie; toDie = NULL; I am noticing that the original variable to which toDie is pointing is not being set to NULL, just "toDie" itself. Yes, because you "delete" the object both "toDie" and your vector element points to, but modify only the (automatic) poiter "toDie". As usual with pointers, there's a difference between the pointer and the value / instance it points to. So it has not much to do with "std::vector<>" nor with C++. Quote: In other words, if one of the CDrawableObjects* was say, a member var of CGame called m_cdPlayer1, when the delete/set-to-NULL happens: Do you mean, that "m_cdPlayer1" is an instance, not a pointer? If so, you cannot achieve your goal. So "m_cdPlayer1" _must_ be a pointer. Quote: Any suggestions or recommendations on how to get the intended behavior out of this snippet? The misconception is, that "vector<CDrawableObject*>" is the wrong type for your usage. You should store pointers to (member) pointers instead like this: "vector< CDrawableObjects *CGame::* > v;" Now "delete myGame.*v[42]; myGame.*v[42]=0;" will do the trick. In other words, you need one further indirection in addressing. Cheers, Philipp. [ See http://www.gotw.ca/resources/clcm.htm for info about ] [ comp.lang.c++.moderated. First time posters: Do this! ] Back to top Antoun Kanawati Guest Posted: Fri Oct 03, 2003 9:37 am    Post subject: Re: Deleting Pointers from STL Vector Hanzo wrote: Quote: I'm iterating over a vector of base class pointers and deleting those which meet a certain criteria...i'm using pretty text-book code for the particular delete/erasure (it's straight out of Myers' Effective STL), and reads like this: void CGame::RemoveDeadObjects() { // cleanup crew!! vector<CDrawableObject*>::iterator i; for (i = g_vecGameObjects.begin(); i != g_vecGameObjects.end() { // if object is not null and can be removed... if ((*i) && (*i)->CanRemove()) { // grab hold before erasure CDrawableObject* toDie = *i; // erase... i = g_vecGameObjects.erase(i); // ...and kill delete toDie; toDie = NULL; } else ++i; } } Here's the problem: on the two lines that say delete toDie; toDie = NULL; I am noticing that the original variable to which toDie is pointing is not being set to NULL, just "toDie" itself. In other words, if one of the CDrawableObjects* was say, a member var of CGame called m_cdPlayer1, when the delete/set-to-NULL happens: 1. Before the delete, toDie and m_cdPlayer1 have a value of 0x00a72498. 2. After the delete, both toDie and m_cdPlayer1 have their __vfptr point to memory 0xFEEEFEEE (signifying a delete) 3. After the set-to-null, the value of toDie becomes 0x00000000, while m_cdPlayer1 remains at a value of 0x00a72498 (while still pointing to 0xFEEEFEEE). Not the behavior I want. At this point, m_cdPlayer1 is officially deleted, yet the test "if (m_cdPlayer)" fails, since it is technically not NULL. Any suggestions or recommendations on how to get the intended behavior out of this snippet? Try working with vector<CDrawableObject **>. This has enough indirection to give you the "desired" effect. You'll need to write: delete *toDie; *toDie = NULL; Having said that, the real problem appears to be a misunderstanding of pointers and indirection. The variable toDie is a local variable, the assignment 'toDie = NULL' merely sets that variable to NULL. A different variable, of the same type and value (m_cdPlayer) is not affected at all. However, due to the interpretation of the type (pointer to CDrawableObject), and the statement 'delete toDie;' the variable m_cdPlayer holds a value that is no longer valid. The expectation that 'toDie = NULL' will affect any other variable, under the conditions stated above, indicates a misunderstanding of pointer indirection and iterators. [ See http://www.gotw.ca/resources/clcm.htm for info about ] [ comp.lang.c++.moderated. First time posters: Do this! ] Back to top Marc Schellens Guest Posted: Fri Oct 03, 2003 11:18 am    Post subject: Re: Deleting Pointers from STL Vector Quote: I'm iterating over a vector of base class pointers and deleting those which meet a certain criteria...i'm using pretty text-book code for the particular delete/erasure (it's straight out of Myers' Effective STL), and reads like this: void CGame::RemoveDeadObjects() { // cleanup crew!! vector<CDrawableObject*>::iterator i; for (i = g_vecGameObjects.begin(); i != g_vecGameObjects.end() { // if object is not null and can be removed... if ((*i) && (*i)->CanRemove()) { // grab hold before erasure CDrawableObject* toDie = *i; // erase... i = g_vecGameObjects.erase(i); // ...and kill delete toDie; toDie = NULL; } else ++i; } } Here's the problem: on the two lines that say delete toDie; toDie = NULL; I am noticing that the original variable to which toDie is pointing is not being set to NULL, just "toDie" itself. {over quote snipped -mod} Any suggestions or recommendations on how to get the intended behavior out of this snippet? setting toDie = NULL is useless as it get overwritten in the next iteration and it is unkown outside the block is is declared in anyway. setting (*i) to NULL marks at least in your vector that the element is deleted. If the only pointer is in your vector, you are there. But as you describe it, that is not the case. Realize that you deleting an object does not change any pointer to that object. Probably you need to rewrite some of your program. One possible solution would be to keep all pointers to your objects in only one vector and using iterators to this vector to access them. hdh, marc [ See http://www.gotw.ca/resources/clcm.htm for info about ] [ comp.lang.c++.moderated. First time posters: Do this! ] Back to top John Potter Guest Posted: Fri Oct 03, 2003 11:28 am    Post subject: Re: Deleting Pointers from STL Vector On 2 Oct 2003 06:18:39 -0400, Hanzo <hanzo (AT) milclan (DOT) com> wrote: Quote: void CGame::RemoveDeadObjects() { // cleanup crew!! vector<CDrawableObject*>::iterator i; for (i = g_vecGameObjects.begin(); i != g_vecGameObjects.end() { // if object is not null and can be removed... if ((*i) && (*i)->CanRemove()) { // grab hold before erasure CDrawableObject* toDie = *i; // erase... i = g_vecGameObjects.erase(i); This removes the pointer from the vector. Since we are about to delete the pointee, ownership by the vector is assumed. The whole point of this exercise is that delete **i; i = g_vecGameObjects.erase(i); may have undefined behavior because we do not know what might be done with the invalid pointer by erase. Paranoid code. Quote: // ...and kill delete toDie; toDie = NULL; } else ++i; } } Here's the problem: on the two lines that say delete toDie; toDie = NULL; I am noticing that the original variable to which toDie is pointing is not being set to NULL, just "toDie" itself. The original variable of type pointer which had the same value as toDie has been erased from the vector and does not exist. Quote: In other words, if one of the CDrawableObjects* was say, a member var of CGame called m_cdPlayer1, when the delete/set-to-NULL happens: If that is true, there is an ownership problem and the whole program is a total mess. The CDrawableObjects* is a pointer to an object allowcated on the heap and owned by that pointer. If there are any other pointers to that heap object, it is a bug in the program. John [ See http://www.gotw.ca/resources/clcm.htm for info about ] [ comp.lang.c++.moderated. First time posters: Do this! ] Back to top Manuel Guest Posted: Fri Oct 03, 2003 11:30 am    Post subject: Re: Deleting Pointers from STL Vector "Hanzo" <hanzo (AT) milclan (DOT) com> a écrit: Quote: I'm iterating over a vector of base class pointers and deleting those which meet a certain criteria...i'm using pretty text-book code for the particular delete/erasure (it's straight out of Myers' Effective STL), and reads like this: void CGame::RemoveDeadObjects() { // cleanup crew!! vector<CDrawableObject*>::iterator i; for (i = g_vecGameObjects.begin(); i != g_vecGameObjects.end() { // if object is not null and can be removed... if ((*i) && (*i)->CanRemove()) { // grab hold before erasure CDrawableObject* toDie = *i; possible fix... CDrawableObject*& toDie = *i; Quote: // erase... i = g_vecGameObjects.erase(i); // ...and kill delete toDie; toDie = NULL; } else ++i; } } [snip] cheers, - Manuel to reply, swap the name with the domain. [ See http://www.gotw.ca/resources/clcm.htm for info about ] [ comp.lang.c++.moderated. First time posters: Do this! ] Back to top Jorge Schramm Guest Posted: Fri Oct 03, 2003 11:32 am    Post subject: Re: Deleting Pointers from STL Vector Hi Hanzo, if you want to manipulate the _original_ pointer m_cdPlayer, you must use a vector of pointers to pointers: void CGame::RemoveDeadObjects() { // cleanup crew!! vector<CDrawableObject**>::iterator i; for (i = g_vecGameObjects.begin(); i != g_vecGameObjects.end() { // if object is not null and can be removed... if ((**i) && (**i)->CanRemove()) { delete **i; **i = NULL; i = g_vecGameObjects.erase(i); } else ++i; } } Hope this helps Jorge [ See http://www.gotw.ca/resources/clcm.htm for info about ] [ comp.lang.c++.moderated. First time posters: Do this! ] Back to top Aaron Bentley Guest Posted: Fri Oct 03, 2003 11:42 am    Post subject: Re: Deleting Pointers from STL Vector Hanzo wrote: Quote: I'm iterating over a vector of base class pointers and deleting those which meet a certain criteria...i'm using pretty text-book code for the particular delete/erasure (it's straight out of Myers' Effective STL), and reads like this: void CGame::RemoveDeadObjects() { // cleanup crew!! vector<CDrawableObject*>::iterator i; for (i = g_vecGameObjects.begin(); i != g_vecGameObjects.end() { // if object is not null and can be removed... if ((*i) && (*i)->CanRemove()) { // grab hold before erasure CDrawableObject* toDie = *i; // erase... i = g_vecGameObjects.erase(i); // ...and kill delete toDie; toDie = NULL; } else ++i; } } Here's the problem: on the two lines that say delete toDie; toDie = NULL; I am noticing that the original variable to which toDie is pointing is not being set to NULL, just "toDie" itself. Right. ToDie is just a plain pointer. You initialized it with the value of (*i), then changed its value. Personally, I'd rewrite it so you don't reset i immediately: Quote: if ((*i) && (*i)->CanRemove()) { // erase... Vector<CDrawableObject*>::iterator i2 = g_vecGameObjects.erase(i); // ...and kill delete *i; *i = NULL; i=i2; } But the way to do what you want is a reference-to-pointer: if ((*i) && (*i)->CanRemove()) { // grab hold before erasure CDrawableObject*& toDie = *i; //note ampersand // erase... i = g_vecGameObjects.erase(i); // ...and kill delete toDie; toDie = NULL; } -- Aaron Bentley www.aaronbentley.com [ See http://www.gotw.ca/resources/clcm.htm for info about ] [ comp.lang.c++.moderated. 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